The function unit is a unit mass of portland cement manufactured in the united states from. Guide to mass concrete reapproved 2012, contains a history of the development of mass concrete practice and discussion of materials and concrete mixture proportioning, properties, construction methods, and equipment. Two different method of mass concrete construction. For this purpose, low heat portland cement would always be preferred for massive structures such as dams. Mass placement of concrete the texas department of. Our focus in this article is load bearing units, as it. Crack control of mass concrete and related issues concerning. Concrete placement for bridge decks on an expressway extension project 55 fig. Special note for structural mass concrete this special note will apply when indicated on the plans or in the proposal. The aim of this guide is to assist designers of concrete basements of modest depth, i. The portland cement usually had to be aged to comply with a.
Aci 116r defines mass concrete as any volume of concrete with dimensions large enough to require that measures be taken to cope with generation of heat from hydration of the cement and attendant volume change to minimize cracking. Section references herein are to the departments 2008 standard specifications for road and bridge construction. Thus, since concrete surface cools down rapidly and the concrete core does conversely, thermal cracking will. Testing concrete in structures, a guide to equipment for testing concrete in structures, chl 3ciria technical report 143, 1992 the reinstatement of fire damaged steel and iron framed structures, corus british steel, 1986 assessment and repair of firedamaged concrete structures, concrete society technical report 33 1990technical report 33. The national concrete masonry association is a registered provider. Obviously, both economy and low rise in temperature would be achieved by limiting the cement content of mass concrete to as low a value as possible. Performance of stage and direct method of mass concrete. Standard practice for selecting proportions for normal, heavyweight, and mass concret e aci 211. Iowa mass concrete specifications special provision for mass concrete control of heat of hydration mix design cement. The mass of concrete masonry is beneficial for blast resistance. Thus, since concrete surface cools down rapidly and the concrete core does conversely, thermal cracking will occur 2,5. Mass concrete for dams what is mass concrete problems. Temperature evaluation of stage method of mass concrete.
These foundations met the definition for mass concrete. Emphasis is placed on the effects of restraint on cracking and. Supplementary specifications are required for works of a special nature, such as. The portland cement usually had to be aged to comply with a boil. To do special research about mass concrete, aci committee 207, mass concrete, was organized in1930 for the purpose of gathering information about the significant properties of mass concrete in dams and factors which influence these properties aci,1996 1. Engineering notes for design with concrete block masonry c. The wd4 viaduct is along the s5s10 expressway over a railway line, the wd7 and wd9 viaducts are over the s5s10, the wd10.
Tensile strain capacity tsc of concrete is used as the criterion of failure to evaluate thermal cracking in mass concrete lu et al. Effect of shrinkage on thermal restrained strain in mass concrete jiranuwat banjongrat school of civil engineering and technology, sirindhorn international institute of technology, thammasat university rangsit campus, khlong nueng, khlong luang, pathum thani 12120, thailand krittiya kaewmanee. Mass concrete is defined by the american concrete institute as. Merits of microsilica addition can be categorized by production of high strength concretes, exothermic rate reduction, more corrosion resistance, increase sustained strength of concrete permeated with chloride ions and sulphates in the range of 24. These bridges are of concrete or composite structures fig. Typically, a mix is about 10 to 15 percent cement, 60 to 75 percent aggregate and 15 to 20 percent water. Properly designed concrete masonry and glass masonry products provide protection for people, essential facilities, computers, and security systems. This is a reference cited in ap 42, compilation of air. Crack control of mass concrete and related issues concerning earlyage of concrete structures march 1516, 2012 paris france the concrack 3 workshop will consist in invited selected lectures and presentations. So that if have must to download 546r 04 concrete repair guide pdf, in that case you come on to the right site. Micro silica ms amorphous silica is beneficial as filler to improve the interface transition zone and to produce more dense concrete. Effect of aggregate type, casting, thickness and curing. These lcis are used in turn to conduct life cycle assessments of concrete structures and other structures containing concrete. Concrete yield strength, fc mpa modulus of elasticity, ec mpa modulus of rupture, fr mpa class c 28 25 400 3.
The scope is defined by the functional unit of portland cement and the system boundary. Entrained air in many concrete mixes may also take up another 5 to 8 percent. Chemical formulas of cement materials nonconventional. F thermocouples to be cast inline vertically in the structure to measure the thermal gradient between the core and the surface. An example of the verification for a real mass concrete footing is shown in section 3. In production, the density of a given concrete masonry unit is con. Renewal of the highway infrastructure identifies research and development opportunities in innovative, nonconventional materials and processes that have the potential to accelerate the construction process, improve the durability of highway pavement and bridges, and enhance the serviceability and longevity. Cooling and insulating systems for mass concrete are addressed in aci 207. Applicability construction specification 31 is applicable to the types of concrete construction entailed in nrcs operations where high material quality is not negotiable. Mass concrete is any volume of concrete with dimensions large enough to require that measures be taken to cope with the generation of heat from hydration of the cement and attendant volume change to minimize cracking. Concrete basements r s narayanan c h good child concrete basements this guide covers the design and construction of reinforced concrete basements and is in accordance with the eurocodes. This special note covers requirements for structural mass concrete placement. The temperature profiles predicted using the finite element program, abaqus, are compared to temperatures predicted by the stepbystep method, aci 207.
Compressive strength of concrete hardened concrete 1 g. Apparatus measure, in accordance with aashto t 121 or the measuring bowl of an air meter balance class g20, in accordance with aashto m 231 range extends from weight of measure empty to weight of measure plus contents at 160 lbft3 tamping rod. Aci 207 1r05 guide to mass concrete free download as pdf file. Concrete masonry units cmus primarily four types of cmus are available. The construction was part of ciputra world building project that consists of three main tower i. Checking the web concrete stresses adequate detailing of the steel reinforcement 2. Prestressed concrete a fundamental approach fifth edition update aci, aashto, ibc 2009 codes version edward g.
Research article effect of shrinkage on thermal restrained. It is merely at office and hotels raft foundation mass concrete that will be discussed in this paper. The watercement ratio is usually expressed in mass. Construction specification 31concrete for major structures. Chapter 2 discusses a sectional design procedure for structural concrete. By continuing to browse on our website, you give to lavoisier the permission to add cookies for the audience measurement.
Concrete placement for bridge decks on an expressway. It forms when soluble salts are dissolved by water migrating through the cementitious material and then precipitated at its surface by chemical. Construction specification 31concrete for major structures 1. Report on thermal and volume change effects on cracking of mass concrete reported by aci committee 207 aci 207. Rice husk ash as a partial replacement of cement in high. Life cycle inventory of portland cement manufacture.
Chapter 2 discusses a sectional design procedure for structuralconcrete. Moisture is generally defined as the one which ensures the cohesion of the mixture when handled by the operator, as seen in. Masonry walls also protect against ballistics and shrapnel flying debris from the bomb. To ensure that the results of mass concrete work properly, control of the concrete. Aci 207 1r05 guide to mass concrete concrete cement. The density of a concrete masonry unit is expressed as the ovendry density of concrete in pounds per cubic foot lbft3 kgm3 as determined in accordance with astm c 140, standard test methods for sampling and testing concrete masonry units and related units ref. We have 546r 04 concrete repair guide pdf, djvu,txt, doc, epub forms. Mixture proportioning for mass concrete is discussed in aci 211. It covers traditionally placed and consolidated mass concrete and does not cover rollercompacted concrete. Nawy prentice hall upper saddle river boston columbus san francisco new york indianapolis london toronto sydney singapore tokyo montreal. Mass concrete is defined by american concrete institute committee 207 as any volume of concrete with dimensions large enough to require that measures be. Fire safety with concrete masonry products ncmaaia ces course c202a. Chapter 1 presents a brief historical background of the development of the shear design provisions and a summary of the current aci design equations for beams.
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